Free Trade Agreements
Treaty-level agreements between two or more countries that grant preferential duty rates on originating goods. Each page documents the member states, entry-into-force date, rules-of-origin summary, certificate-of-origin path, and a link to the primary text.
- Mercosur-EUMercosur-EU Trade Agreement (signed)
21 members: 🇧🇷 🇦🇷 🇺🇾 🇵🇾 🇩🇪 🇫🇷 +15
Largest EU trade deal by population; tariff elimination on 91% of EU exports to Mercosur and 92% reverse. Sensitive products (beef, ethanol, sugar) have phase-in quotas. Ratification by member states ongoing 2025-2027.
- EFTA-MercosurEFTA-Mercosur Trade Agreement (signed)
7 members: 🇨🇭 🇳🇴 🇮🇸 🇧🇷 🇦🇷 🇺🇾 +1
EFTA-Mercosur agreement covering goods + services + investment + government procurement. Mirrors structure of Mercosur-EU deal.
- A-UKFTAAustralia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇦🇺 🇬🇧
Comprehensive FTA covering goods, services, investment, digital trade, intellectual property, government procurement, and labour/environment chapters. Tariff elimination on 99% of UK exports to Australia and 100% of Australian exports to UK on entry into force; remaining tariff lines (largely UK agricultural protection on Australian dairy, beef, lamb, sugar) phase down over 5-15 years. Mutual recognition of professional qualifications. Agricultural origin-quota mechanisms contain sensitive-sector imports. Dispute settlement via state-state arbitration; investment chapter excludes ISDS, opting instead for a state-state mechanism plus diplomatic protection.
- UK-AU FTAUK-Australia Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇬🇧 🇦🇺
UK's first FTA negotiated post-Brexit (not rolled-over). Tariff elimination on 99% of UK exports to Australia + 100% of Australian exports to UK on entry into force. Sensitive UK agricultural sectors (dairy, beef, lamb, sugar) phased to 2030.
- UK-NZ FTAUK-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇬🇧 🇳🇿
Comprehensive FTA covering goods, services, investment, digital trade. Tariff elimination on 100% of NZ exports to UK on day one. UK farmer-protective phasing for beef, lamb, dairy. Strong digital-trade chapter (data-flow, source-code, no localisation).
- AI-ECTAAustralia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇦🇺 🇮🇳
Interim FTA pending the comprehensive Australia-India CECA. Tariff elimination on 96% of Australian exports to India on day one (including key wool, beef, sheep meat); phased reductions on remaining 4%. India-Australia full CECA in negotiation.
- India-UAE CEPAIndia-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
2 members: 🇮🇳 🇦🇪
India's first major bilateral FTA in a decade. Tariff elimination on 90% of bilateral trade lines on day one; remaining 10% phased to 2032. Targeted USD 100 billion bilateral non-oil trade by 2030. Strong digital-trade and pharmaceutical chapters.
- RCEPRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
11 members: 🇦🇺 🇨🇳 🇯🇵 🇳🇿 🇰🇷 🇸🇬 +5
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership covers 15 members (ASEAN-10 + Australia, NZ, China, Japan, Korea), the world's largest trading bloc by population. ~92% of bilateral tariff lines eliminated over 20 years; less ambitious than CPTPP on services and digital-trade rules. Common rules-of-origin allow cumulation across all 15 members — a sourcing simplification that drives the bloc's logistics value. No labour or environment chapters with binding force. Investment chapter excludes ISDS for now (left to bilateral negotiation). India withdrew from negotiations in 2019; door remains open for re-entry.
- UK-EU TCAUnited Kingdom-European Union Trade and Cooperation Agreement
6 members: 🇬🇧 🇩🇪 🇫🇷 🇪🇸 🇮🇹 🇳🇱
Zero tariffs and zero quotas on goods originating in either party and meeting the rules of origin (50% bilateral cumulation for most products, no diagonal cumulation with third countries for the first 3 years). Services: market-access for cross-border services with significant carve-outs (no passporting for financial services, no mutual recognition of professional qualifications). Customs cooperation chapter handles trade-facilitation; SPS measures retain regulatory autonomy. Fishing-quota provisions transition through 2026. Northern Ireland Protocol / Windsor Framework operates separately to keep Northern Ireland in EU customs territory.
- UK-Japan CEPAUK-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
2 members: 🇯🇵 🇬🇧
UK's first major post-Brexit trade deal. Tariff elimination on most industrial goods + preferential agricultural quotas. Whisky, gin, luxury watches dominate UK eastbound exports. UK Origin Declaration on commercial invoice for shipments under GBP 5,500.
- SA-UAESaudi Arabia-UAE bilateral customs corridor
2 members: 🇸🇦 🇦🇪
Saudi Customs Authority and UAE Federal Customs Authority operate the largest GCC intra-bilateral trade flow. Saudi 'national content' rule since 2021 requires local Saudi content for preferential treatment within KSA.
- EVFTAEU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement
18 members: 🇻🇳 🇩🇪 🇫🇷 🇮🇹 🇪🇸 🇳🇱 +12
EU-Vietnam FTA. Tariff elimination on 99% of EU exports to Vietnam over 10 years; 99% of Vietnamese exports to EU over 7 years. Stricter labour + environment chapters.
- IA-CEPAIndonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
2 members: 🇦🇺 🇮🇩
Bilateral CEPA covering goods, services, investment. Tariff elimination on 99% of Australian exports + 100% of Indonesian exports to AU on entry into force.
- USMCAUnited States-Mexico-Canada Agreement
3 members: 🇺🇸 🇲🇽 🇨🇦
Broad coverage of goods and services across North America. Strengthened rules of origin in autos (75% North-American value-content threshold, up from NAFTA's 62.5%), apparel (yarn-forward rule), agriculture (incremental US-Canada dairy access), and digital trade (data-flow protections, source-code, IP). Pharmaceutical patent term restoration capped at 10 years. Steel + aluminum carve-out: 70% North American content for major procurement. Dispute settlement: state-state plus a labor-rapid-response mechanism aimed at Mexican plants. Sectors largely tariff-free, but anti-dumping / countervailing duties remain available as a non-tariff lever.
- US-Japan TAGUS-Japan Trade Agreement (Phase 1)
2 members: 🇺🇸 🇯🇵
Limited Phase 1 deal covering ~5% of bilateral trade in goods (mostly agricultural products + digital trade). Reduces tariffs on US beef, pork, wine, ethanol exports to Japan; reciprocal access for Japanese industrial machinery. A more comprehensive Phase 2 deal remains in negotiation.
- AfCFTAAfrican Continental Free Trade Area
12 members: 🇿🇦 🇪🇬 🇳🇬 🇰🇪 🇲🇦 🇪🇹 +6
Phased tariff elimination on 90% of intra-African tariff lines over 5 years (10 years for least-developed countries). Covers goods, services, investment, intellectual property, e-commerce. AU Member State commitment with phased ratification — Eritrea is the only AU member that has not signed. Dispute settlement via the AfCFTA Dispute Settlement Body. Secretariat hosted in Accra, Ghana.
- Japan-EU EPAJapan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement
18 members: 🇯🇵 🇩🇪 🇫🇷 🇮🇹 🇪🇸 🇳🇱 +12
EU's largest bilateral FTA. Tariff elimination on 99% of EU exports to Japan and 97% of Japanese exports to EU. Significant agricultural quotas (cheese, wine, meat). Strong rules-of-origin chapter and digital-trade provisions.
- CPTPPComprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
8 members: 🇦🇺 🇨🇦 🇯🇵 🇲🇽 🇳🇿 🇸🇬 +2
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership covers 11 original members + UK (acceded 2024), now 12 parties: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, NZ, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, UK. ~95% of bilateral tariffs eliminated on entry into force; remaining tariff lines phase down over 5-30 years. Strong digital-trade chapter (data-flow protections, no data-localisation, no source-code disclosure mandate), services market-access on a negative-list basis, IP chapter aligned with TRIPS-plus standards. Agriculture sensitive products (beef, dairy, sugar, rice) get phased liberalisation with safeguards.
- China-Korea FTAChina-Korea Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇨🇳 🇰🇷
Bilateral FTA covering 90% of bilateral goods over 20 years. Strong agriculture and manufactured-goods chapters.
- ChAFTAChina-Australia Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇨🇳 🇦🇺
Comprehensive FTA covering goods + services + investment + financial services. 95%+ of Australian exports duty-free in China; sensitive products phased to 2029.
- VKFTAVietnam-Korea Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇻🇳 🇰🇷
Bilateral FTA improving on ASEAN-Korea preferences. Korea's textiles, fish, agricultural products + Vietnam's electronics, footwear, garments.
- EAEUEurasian Economic Union
1 members: 🇷🇺
Customs union among Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan. Common External Tariff and harmonised customs code. Free movement of goods, services, capital, labour among member states. Significant FTA-network with Vietnam, Iran, Serbia.
- GSP+EU Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus
5 members: 🇵🇰 🇱🇰 🇵🇭 🇧🇴 🇲🇳
EU unilateral preference offering tariff-free or reduced-tariff entry on 66% of EU tariff lines for vulnerable developing countries that ratify 27 international conventions on human rights, labour, environment, governance.
- PAPacific Alliance (Alianza del Pacífico)
4 members: 🇨🇱 🇨🇴 🇲🇽 🇵🇪
Latin American economic bloc with 92% of intra-bloc tariffs eliminated on entry into force; remaining sensitive products phased to 2030. Covers goods, services, investment, financial services. Strong digital-trade chapter.
- KORUSUnited States–Korea Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇺🇸 🇰🇷
Comprehensive FTA covering virtually all bilateral trade in goods (industrial products tariff-free since entry into force; agricultural products with phased tariff-rate quotas). Services chapter on a negative-list basis. Amended 2018 to include automotive provisions and pharmaceutical IP improvements.
- Japan-India CEPAJapan-India Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
2 members: 🇯🇵 🇮🇳
Bilateral CEPA covering goods + services + investment. Tariff elimination on 94% of bilateral goods over 10 years.
- ACFTAChina-ASEAN Free Trade Area
10 members: 🇨🇳 🇹🇭 🇸🇬 🇲🇾 🇮🇩 🇵🇭 +4
China-ASEAN FTA covering 90% of goods. CAFTA upgrade signed 2024 expanding services, digital, environment, supply chain.
- AIFTAASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement
10 members: 🇮🇳 🇹🇭 🇸🇬 🇲🇾 🇮🇩 🇵🇭 +4
India-ASEAN goods agreement. Under review since 2019; updated rules-of-origin under negotiation.
- AJCEPASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership
10 members: 🇯🇵 🇹🇭 🇸🇬 🇲🇾 🇮🇩 🇵🇭 +4
Japan-ASEAN bilateral covering goods + services + investment. Many goods at 0% tariff for ASEAN exporters.
- AKFTAASEAN-Korea Free Trade Area
10 members: 🇰🇷 🇹🇭 🇸🇬 🇲🇾 🇮🇩 🇵🇭 +4
Korea-ASEAN FTA covering goods. CEPA upgrade negotiations ongoing 2023-2025.
- US-Bahrain FTAUnited States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇺🇸 🇧🇭
US-Bahrain bilateral FTA. Day-one tariff elimination on 100% of bilateral consumer + industrial products. First US FTA with a Gulf state.
- CAFTA-DRCentral America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement
4 members: 🇺🇸 🇩🇴 🇨🇷 🇬🇹
US FTA with 6 Central American + Caribbean countries (USA, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic). Tariff elimination on most goods.
- India-Singapore CECAIndia-Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement
2 members: 🇮🇳 🇸🇬
India's first comprehensive FTA. Tariff elimination on 75% of bilateral goods over 5 years. Banking, education, IT services chapters.
- Japan-Mexico EPAJapan-Mexico Economic Partnership Agreement
2 members: 🇯🇵 🇲🇽
Bilateral EPA covering goods + services + investment + government procurement. Automotive sector dominant.
- EACEast African Community
3 members: 🇰🇪 🇹🇿 🇪🇹
8-member regional integration covering goods (Common External Tariff), services, persons, capital. Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, DRC, Somalia.
- SAFTASingapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement
2 members: 🇦🇺 🇸🇬
Comprehensive FTA covering goods (tariff-elimination day-one), services, investment, e-commerce, telecommunications, financial services.
- GCC CUGulf Cooperation Council Customs Union
3 members: 🇦🇪 🇸🇦 🇶🇦
Customs union covering Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Common External Tariff: 5% on most imports with sectoral exceptions (alcohol/tobacco at higher rates, basic foods at 0%, some chemicals at 7-25%). Single point of entry: imports cleared in any GCC state may move intra-GCC under the Single Customs Document with only a Statistical Declaration. Common standards: GSO (GCC Standardization Organization) markings on regulated products replace national approvals. Currency clearing operates separately through the GCC Monetary Council. Some exceptions remain on protected sectors (UAE energy, Saudi industrial products).
- EBAEU Everything But Arms
7 members: 🇧🇩 🇪🇹 🇰🇭 🇱🇦 🇲🇲 🇹🇿 +1
EU unilateral preference granting duty-free + quota-free access for ALL products (except arms + ammunition) from Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Bangladesh garments are the largest single category.
- AGOAAfrican Growth and Opportunity Act
10 members: 🇺🇸 🇿🇦 🇰🇪 🇪🇹 🇬🇭 🇹🇿 +4
US unilateral preference program providing duty-free entry into the US for 1,800+ tariff lines on goods originating in eligible sub-Saharan African countries. Apparel, automotive, textiles, agricultural goods covered. Annual eligibility review by USTR.
- COMESACommon Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
5 members: 🇰🇪 🇪🇹 🇪🇬 🇹🇿 🇹🇳
21-member regional bloc covering trade, monetary integration, infrastructure. Free Trade Area since 2000.
- ECOWASEconomic Community of West African States
4 members: 🇳🇬 🇬🇭 🇸🇳 🇨🇲
15-member West African bloc. Common External Tariff (CET) since 2015 with 5 bands (0/5/10/20/35%). Free movement of persons.
- EU SMEuropean Union Single Market
5 members: 🇩🇪 🇫🇷 🇪🇸 🇮🇹 🇳🇱
Free movement of goods, services, capital, and people among the 27 EU member states plus EEA partners (Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) and Switzerland (sectoral). The deepest economic integration in the world: harmonised conformity (CE marking), shared customs union with common external tariff (TARIC), uniform competition law, IOSS / OSS VAT collection scheme, mutual recognition of professional qualifications, and a Court of Justice ensuring uniform interpretation. Harmonised standards under the New Approach (consumer products, machinery, medical devices, electromagnetic compatibility) eliminate testing duplication.
- AFTAASEAN Free Trade Area
9 members: 🇹🇭 🇸🇬 🇲🇾 🇮🇩 🇵🇭 🇻🇳 +3
ASEAN's flagship FTA covering 10 member states. ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) since 2010 reduces intra-bloc tariffs to 0% for most products (CLMV countries get phased reductions). ASEAN Single Window operational since 2018 facilitates customs filings.
- MERCOSURMercado Común del Sur
5 members: 🇧🇷 🇦🇷 🇺🇾 🇵🇾 🇧🇴
Customs union covering Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay (Venezuela suspended; Bolivia in process of full membership). Common External Tariff (CET) on third-country imports; intra-bloc tariff-free for most goods. Significant exceptions list (sugar, automotive). Associate members include Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- ANZCERTAAustralia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations
2 members: 🇦🇺 🇳🇿
Complete free-trade area for goods between Australia and New Zealand since 1990; services protocol since 1989; the most comprehensive bilateral economic relationship in the world. One harmonised regulatory environment for foods (FSANZ Standards), Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) common frameworks for medical devices, and a Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement for goods that meet either jurisdiction's standards. No internal customs barriers; Single Economic Market initiative continues to remove residual cross-border friction in business law, competition, IP, and consumer protection.
- CARICOMCaribbean Community
2 members: 🇯🇲 🇩🇴
Caribbean economic + customs union covering 15 member states. Common External Tariff; intra-bloc tariff elimination since 2006.
- CANAndean Community (Comunidad Andina)
4 members: 🇧🇴 🇨🇴 🇪🇨 🇵🇪
Customs union among Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Intra-bloc tariff-free zone for most goods since 1993. Common External Tariff applied with national exceptions. Venezuela withdrew in 2006.
- EFTAEuropean Free Trade Association
3 members: 🇨🇭 🇳🇴 🇮🇸
EFTA covers Switzerland + Norway + Iceland + Liechtenstein. Internal free trade in industrial goods + processed agricultural products since 1960. EFTA itself does not cover services / investment as comprehensively as the EU Single Market — those are bilateral. EFTA-EU agreements: Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein are also in the EEA (extending EU Single Market access); Switzerland uses bilateral sectoral agreements instead.