United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement
Member countries (3)
Lanes covered by this FTA (3)
Commodity coverage
Broad coverage of goods and services across North America. Strengthened rules of origin in autos (75% North-American value-content threshold, up from NAFTA's 62.5%), apparel (yarn-forward rule), agriculture (incremental US-Canada dairy access), and digital trade (data-flow protections, source-code, IP). Pharmaceutical patent term restoration capped at 10 years. Steel + aluminum carve-out: 70% North American content for major procurement. Dispute settlement: state-state plus a labor-rapid-response mechanism aimed at Mexican plants. Sectors largely tariff-free, but anti-dumping / countervailing duties remain available as a non-tariff lever.
Rules of origin
Three origin pathways: wholly-obtained, produced-entirely-from-originating-materials, or satisfying the product-specific rule (PSR) in Annex 4-B (tariff shift and/or regional value content, RVC 60% transaction-value or 50% net-cost for most goods; 75% for passenger vehicles, with phased labour value content requirements).
Certificate of origin
Certification of origin may be provided on the commercial invoice or separately; must contain the 9 data elements of Annex 5-A and be signed by importer, exporter or producer. Record retention: 5 years.
Notes
Replaced NAFTA on 2020-07-01. Mandatory review every 6 years. De minimis: USMCA raised Canada's courier-shipment duty threshold to CAD 150 (tax CAD 40) and Mexico's to USD 50 (tax USD 117).