Dual-use goods
Also known as: Dual-use items, Dual-use technology
Goods, software, and technology that have both civilian and potential military or proliferation applications, subject to export controls.
Dual-use goods are items (commodities, software, technology) that have legitimate civilian uses but can also be used for military purposes, proliferation, or other security-sensitive applications. Export controls are coordinated internationally via the Wassenaar Arrangement (42 participating states), with national implementations: US Export Administration Regulations (EAR) administered by BIS, EU Regulation 2021/821, UK Export Control Joint Unit. Common dual-use categories: high-performance computing, navigation and telecommunications equipment, certain chemicals, advanced materials, encryption software.